Proportionality and precautions in attack: The reverberating effects of using explosive weapons in populated areas – International Review of the Red Cross
The principle of proportionality is codified in Article 51(5)(b) of Protocol I of 8 June 1977 additional to the Geneva Conventions (AP I). It prohibits attacks “which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects, or a combination thereof, which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated”. It has been identified by the ICRC Study as a rule of customary international humanitarian law (IHL) applicable in international and noninternational armed conflicts ... Read even more
